The further research about fire determined that a fourth factor that is , a chemical chain reaction is a necessary component of a fire. Fire triangle was changed to a fire tetrahedron to reflect this fourth element. A tetrahedron can be described as a solid having four plane faces .Essential all for element must be present for fire to occur .Removal of any one of these essential elements will result in the fire being extinguished.
The four elements are:
Oxygen: To sustain combustion (14 to 21% ) sufficient.
Heat: To raise the material to its ignition temperature.
Fuel or Combustible material.
Chain reaction: Subsequently an exothermic chemical chain reaction .
Fire extinction in a principle consists in the limitation of one or more of these elements.
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