Different protective systems are used in excavation to prevent any accident like cave in using different systems for excavation can be called as a method of excavation.They are ; shielding ,sloping ,shoring ,benching.the determination of angle of slopes ,benches or the choice and design of other protective systems shall be based on the evaluation of pertinent factors such as : type of soil,depth of excavation, possible variations in water content of the materiel while the excavation is open.Anticipated changes in materiel from the exposure to air,sun or water.Loading imposed by structures,equipment,overlying material or stored material ,vibration from the equipment ,blasting, traffic-or other sources.
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